The first appearance of the term “film noir” is generally attributed to the Italian-born French film critic Nino Frank (1904-1988). He is best known for being the first to use “film noir” to refer to American crime movies made in the 40s, such as The Maltese Falcon (1941) by John Huston, Double Indemnity (1944) by Billy Wilder, and The Big Sleep (1946) by Howard Hawks. But before that, the term “film noir” was used in French newspapers and film reviews to describe French films such as Quai des Brumes (1937) by Marcel Carné, The Human Beast (1938) by Jean Renoir, etc.
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